中文摘要：

采用添加造孔剂的方法制备了四种不同孔隙率PZT95／5铁电陶瓷，对其进行电场极化，随后开展了准静态单轴压缩实验，讨论了畴变、相变以及孔隙率对极化PZT95／5铁电陶瓷的力学响应与放电特性的影响．研究结果表明：（1）多孔极化PZT9s／s铁电陶瓷非线性力学响应行为主要归因于畴变和相变的共同作用，与内部孔洞变形和坍塌基本无关；（2）在准静态单轴压缩下极化PZT95／5铁电陶瓷的去极化机制是畴变和相变的共同作用；（3）孔隙率对极化PZT95／5铁电陶瓷的弹性模量、压缩强度有明显的影响，而对断裂应变的影响较小；（4）极化PZT95／5铁电陶瓷畴变和相变开始的临界应力都随着孔隙率的增大而线性衰减，但相变开始的临界体积应变却不依赖孔隙率；（5）极化PZT95／5铁电陶瓷电荷饱和释放量随着孔隙率呈线性减小，但孔隙率对电荷释放速率基本没有影响．

英文摘要：

Pb（Zr0.95Ti0.05）03 （PZT95/5） ceramics with stress-induced ferroelectric （FE） to anti ferroelectric （AFE） phase transitions are of interest because of their use in shock-pulse actuated power supplies. The porous PZT can eliminate the probability of dielectric breakdowns under the shock compres- sion. Here, the effect of porosity on the phase transformation and electro-mechanical response of PZT95/5 ceramics under uniaxial compression loading was investigated. First, four types of poled lead zirconate titanate （PZT95/5） ferroelectric ceramics were fabricated with a range of different porosity levels by sys tematic additions of added pore formers. Quasi static compressive tests of porous poled PZT95/5 ferroelec tric ceramics were conducted on a servo-hydraulic MTS 810 universal test machine. The non linear stress- strain curves of porous poled PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics were obtained. It was found that the non-line ar deformation mechanism of porous poled PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics is attributed to the domain switching and phase transformation processes, and not related to the deformation and collapse of voids. The depolarization mechanism of porous poled PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics is caused by both domain re orientation and phase transformation. The elastic modulus and fracture strength of porous poled PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics decrease with porosity, but the fracture strain is independent on porosity. The critical stresses of domain switching and phase transformation of poled PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics and the maximum value of polarization released linearly decrease with increasing porosity, but the critical volumetric strain needed for phase transformation and the rate of polarization released are independent on porosity.