中文摘要：

生态化学计量学（Ecological stoichiometry）是利用元素比率来研究生态过程和生态作用的学科,它通过化学计量关系将从分子至生态系统的各个层次有机联系起来,已成为联系微观与宏观生态学研究的有力工具.生态化学计量学的两个非常重要的假设是内稳性假说（Homeostatic hypothesis）和生长率假说（Growth rate hypothesis）,已在不同的研究层次上得到了验证或应用.前者是指在生活环境（或资源）的化学元素组成发生变化的情况下,生物体具有的保持自身化学元素组成相对稳定的能力;后者是指生物体的C：N：P比率对其生长速率具有较强的调控作用,通常生长速率较高的组分会具有高的N：C和P：C比以及较低的N：P比值.经过近20年的发展,生态化学计量学的研究已从化学计量内稳性较高的水生生态系统扩展到化学计量特征变化范围较大的陆地生态系统,研究对象已涉及酶、微生物、动物、植物、食物链和食物网等多个层次,并逐渐被应用于解决或预测区域甚至全球的生态环境问题.生态系统不同组分的C：N：P计量关系的内稳性以及其生长率与异速分配相适应的调节机理,是维持生态系统结构和功能的重要机制之一.然而,目前学术界还未对生态化学计量学在陆地生态系统碳-氮-水耦合循环理论体系中的作用给予关注,更缺乏相关的理论研究和系统性的论述.本文回顾了生态化学计量学研究的发展历程及其在不同领域的进展与应用;在此基础上,探讨了生态化学计量学在陆地生态系统碳-氮-水耦合循环理论体系中的潜在作用,并展望了生态化学计量学与生态系统碳-氮-水耦合循环理论整合研究的理论基础和重点发展方向,期望能推动相关研究领域的快速发展.

英文摘要：

Ecological stoichiometry （ES） is the study of the balance of multiple chemical elements in ecological processes and ecological interactions at various scales,which linked by Redfield ratios of chemical elements from genes to ecosystems.It has been becoming an important toolkit for ecologists not only for micro-but also macro-scale studies.ES involves two important hypotheses,i.e.,homeostatic hypothesis and growth rate hypothesis,which have been proved at various organisms in the past decades.The former indicated that organisms have the ability to maintain a given elemental composition despite variation in the elemental composition of its environment or resource and reflects the net outcome of some underlying physiological adaption to their surroundings; and the later indicates low carbon （C）：phosphorus （P） and nitrogen （N）：P ratios in rapidly growing organisms reflects increased allocation to P-rich ribosomal RNA （rRNA）,as rapid protein synthesis by ribosome is required higher P demand to support fast growth.Nowadays,researches have broadened ES from the relative simple aquatic ecosystems to the complex terrestrial ecosystems.The objectives of these studies have involved RNA,enzymes,microorganisms,plants,animals,food chains,food webs,and the findings of ES to explain or predict the eco-environmental problems at regional even global scales.The phenomena,homoeostasis of Redfield ratios and growth rate of organisms controlled by allometric allocation of multiple elements in different pools,have indicated important mechanisms to maintain the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems.However,little attention has been paid on what and how the principles of ES link to the coupling cycles of C,N and P in terrestrial ecosystems,and no any related studies have been reported.In the paper,we reviewed the history of ES,recent findings at leaf,individual,community,and ecosystem levels,and the application at regional or global eco-environmental problems.We further addressed some progress of ES in