中文摘要：

电子心脏起搏器治疗已成为心律失常特别是严重缓慢型心律失常的首选治疗方法。虽然电子心脏起搏器的技术逐渐完善,但仍存在一定的缺陷。近十多年来,研究证实可以通过基因治疗和细胞治疗构建生物起搏器;随着分子生物学和细胞生物学的发展,生物心脏起搏技术不断取得突破。目前构建生物心脏起搏器的方法有两种,一种是将起搏相关基因导入间充质干细胞,另一种是将多能干细胞诱导分化为窦房结样起搏细胞。本文针对生物心脏起搏器的最新研究进展进行综述,并归纳分析生物心脏起搏过程中存在的问题以及未来的重点研究方向。

英文摘要：

Electronic pacemakers has become the preferred treatment for arrhythmia,especially for severe bradycardiac arrhythmia.Although the technology of electronic pacemaker was gradually improving,it still has some shortcomings.Over the past 10 years,research has confirmed that biological pacemaker can be created by gene therapy and cell therapy;with the development of molecular biology and cell biology,biological pacemaking technology has been continuously broken.Currently there are two approaches to construct biological pacemakers：one is to introduce pacemaker genes into mesenchymal stem cells,and the other is to induce pluripotent stem cells to sinoatrial node cells.In this paper,we reviewed the latest research progress of biological pacemakers,so as to analyze the existing problems in biological cardiac pacing and future research directions.