中文摘要：

目的 探讨门诊患者自我管理技能培训方法在降低医院感染上的效果,为降低医院感染提供确实可行的方案.方法 采取随机抽样法选取本中心2009年2月-2010年2月收治的400例门诊患者作为对照组,对其中发生医院感染的患者进行分析,根据分析结果选取2010年6月-2011年6月收治的400例门诊患者为观察组进行针对性自我管理技能培训,比较两组患者医院感染率.结果 对照组发生医院感染17例,感染率为4.25％,观察组发生医院感染5例,感染率为1.25％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；其中冬春两季感染率为5.93％,夏秋两季感染率为1.83％；女性感染率为4.46％,男性为4.04％；有内镜操作感染者为9.40％,无内镜操作感染率为2.12％;1～5岁患者中感染率为6.21％,＞55岁患者感染率为4.62％,5～55岁患者无感染发生；单因素分析结果显示,季节、年龄以及内镜操作是门诊患者出现医院感染的危险因素（P＜0.05）.结论 对门诊患者加强医疗卫生保健常识宣教,并对患者进行自我管理技能培训,能显著降低医院感染发生率,值得在基层医院推广应用.

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of outpatient self-management skills training methods on reducing the incidence of nosocomial infections so as to put forward feasible programs. METHODS A total of 400 outpatients admitted to the hospital from Feb 2009 to Feb 2010 were randomly sampled as the control group, then the patients with nosocomial infections were analyzed; the targeted self-management skill training was performed for 400 outpatients who were treated in the hospital from Jun 2010 to Jun 2011 （the observation group） ; the incidence of nosocomial infections was compared between the two groups. RESULTS The nosocomial infections occured in 17 patients with the infection rate of 4.25 % in the control group, 5 patients in the observation group, with the infection rate of 1.25%, the difference was significant （P〉0.05） ; the incidence rate of the infections was 5.93% in winter and spring, 1.9a% in the summer and fall; the infection rate of the female patients was 4.46%, the male patients 4.04% % the infection rate of the patients undergoing endoscopic operation was 9.40%, the patients without endoscopic operation 2.12%% the infection rate of the patients aged between 1 and 5 years was 6.21%, the patients aged more than 55 years 4.62%, the patients aged between 5 and 55 years 0. The univariate analysis showed that the season, age, and endoscopic operation were the risk factors for the nosocomial infections among the outpatients, CONCLUSION To strengthen the training of medical health care and conduct the self-management skill training can significantly reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections, which is worthy to be promoted in the grass-roots hospital.