中文摘要：

针对三值光学计算机解码器需要将三态光信号转换为三值电信号问题，基于光波偏振态的斯托克斯矢量原理，提出了三态光信号判定原理，并给出四种判定方法。为了便于工程实现，将振幅式三态光信号判定方法简化为运算器镜像式三态光信号判定方法，以此为基础制作了百位以上三值光学计算机解码器。对百位三值光学计算机编码器的输出进行了解码实验，实验结果验证了运算器镜像式三态光信号判定系统理论上的正确性和工程上的可行性。

英文摘要：

The role of the decoder in the ternary optical computer is to determine the state of tri-state light signal, and convert the tri-state light signal into digit electron signal and translate the signal into its tri-valued digit. The principle and four methods determining the tri-stated signal are presented based on the theory of polarization optics. Through comparative analysis, the method of determining the tri-stated optical signal based on division of amplitude is selected to construct the decoder. And this determining method is predigested as the method based on the mirrored arithmetic unit to fabricate the huge-bit decoder more easily. The experiment results of decoding the output of the hundred-bit ter- nary optical encoder demonstrate that the principle of the proposed determining method is correct and the structure de- sign is feasible.