中文摘要：

2009年是达尔文诞辰200周年,《物种起源》发表150周年。值此之际,我们将致病性细菌微进化的遗传学动力、研究方法及其意义进行综述,并以鼠疫耶尔森氏菌与沙门氏菌为例讨论了这两种细菌的微进化研究进展。

英文摘要：

The year of 2009 is the 200^th anniversary of Charles Darwin＇s birth and the 150^th anniversary of his great book, The Origin of Species. For commemorating Darwin＇s indispensable contribution to evolution, this review focused on bacterial pathogen＇s evolution, including driving forces of genetic changes, the methods of studying bacterial microevolution and the significance of this kind of studies. Yersinia pestis and Salmonella were taken as examples to illustrate their microevolution.