中文摘要：

栖居在瘤胃中的厌氧真菌对饲料纤维的降解具有重要的促进作用。围绕瘤胃厌氧真菌的生物学分类以及生活史,对国内外研究进展进行了综述分析。核糖体DNA的序列分析、限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）、核糖体间隔基因自动分析（ARISA）等分子生物学技术的快速发展与应用为厌氧真菌分类多样性研究开辟了新的途径。这些快速、易于操作的新技术,因其所具有高度灵敏性和特异性,而被广泛用于对瘤胃厌氧真菌的分类鉴定和系统进化分析中,与此同时,实时定量PCR技术目前已经被广泛接受并用来定量监测瘤胃微生态环境下的真菌生物量。

英文摘要：

Anaerobic fungi play a significant role in promoting the degradation of fibrous feed in the rumen. Research advances in last decades were reviewed in biological taxonomy, classification and life circle of rumen fungi. The rapid development and application of molecular biology methods, including rDNA sequence analysis, restriction fragment length polymorphisms （RFLP） and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis （ARISA）, have brought a new pathway to update the study of rumen fungi diversity. Due to high sensitivity and specificity, one or several efficient techniques have been integrated in the taxonomical classification and molecular phylogenetic analysis for rumen fungi, and quantitative analysis of fungi biomass by a real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） technique has been successfully used to monitor anaerobic fungi in rumen micro-ecology circumstance.