中文摘要：

在分析水电开发对生态环境影响及原因的基础上,归纳了近年来水电站建设运行中生态保护措施的研究进展,包括过鱼设施的建设、鱼类增殖放流站的构建、大坝下游河道断面生态流量的确定和梯级水电站水库生态调度,并阐释了这些措施在河流梯级水电开发生态保护中的不足,提出了河流梯级水电开发水头与生态水头协同确定的理念,界定了基于河流自然生境和原生生态及物种保护的生态水头的概念、内涵与确定原则,给出了生态水头规划的综合优化方法。

英文摘要：

Based on an analysis of impacts of hydropower development on the ecological environment, research progress in ecological protection measures during hydropower station construction and operation is summarized, including construction of fish passage facilities, establishment of fish proliferation and release stations, methods for determination of ecological flow downstream of dams, and ecological operation of cascade reservoirs, and the disadvantages of the ecological protection measures in cascade hydropower development are illustrated. Accordingly, the ideas of cooperative determination of the water head in river cascade hydropower development and the ecological water head are discussed. Furthermore, the concept, implications, and principle for definition of the ecological water head are presented based on natural river habitats, natural ecosystems, and species protection, and a comprehensive optimization method is proposed for ecological water head planning.