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基于二元水循环的流域分布式水质模型构建与应用

ISSN号：0559-9350
期刊名称：水利学报
时间：2013.3.3
页码：284-294
分类：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]
作者机构：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038
相关基金：国家自然科学基金项目（51179203）;国家自然科学基金创新群体项目（51021006）; 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题（2012ZX07207-007）;国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题（2008ZX07207-006）; 中国水利水电科学研究院科研专项（资1116）
相关项目：流域水循环模拟与调控

关键词：二元水循环, 流域分布式水质模型, 模型构建, 嫩江流域, dualistic water cycle theory , watershed distributed water quality model , construction model , Nenjiang River basin

中文摘要：

基于二元水循环理论,着眼于污染物产生、入河过程机理的描述,对流域分布式水质模型WEQ进行了改进。改进模型的农田面源由陆域产生至入河的过程更具有物理机制;借助水土流失方程计算水土流失量,增强了土壤侵蚀面源污染计算结果的可信度;通过水质过程与二元水循环过程的耦合,实现了点、面源污染物入河过程的动态计算;考虑河道内人工取用水量、水库蓄水量变化对污染物时空分布的影响,进一步增强模型的物理机制。以嫩江流域为例,模拟了COD、氨氮的空间分布规律及河道断面负荷变化特征。模拟结果显示,其均方误差与相对误差减小,模拟精度提高。通过产生量核算、水质模拟过程与监测数据对比以及水库调度合理性分析,确保改进模型的模拟误差在合理范围之内,从而能够反映强人类活动干扰下的水质过程,对水环境管理需求具有实际意义。

英文摘要：

Based on the dualistic water cycle theory , a distributed watershed water quality model called WEQ has been improved on the physical mechanism , including the processes of pollutant generation and flowing into river and so on. The improved WEQ is strengthened in its physical mechanism of pollutant from farmland , using MUSLE equation for reference to calculate the amount of soil erosion and coupling wa ter quality and dualistic water cycle process in dynamic computation. Once the amount of water use from in dustries and lives in river or water storage in reservoir are changed , the changes of water quality load or concentration are considered. The model has been applied in the Nenjiang River basin to simulate spatial distribution rule of COD and ammonia nitrogen and water quality variation characteristics of river cross-sec tion. The simulation results show that MSEQ=1.81 , Re=37.4% in calibration period and MSEQ=1.45 , Re= 33.8% in verification period. In order to ensure the simulation error within reasonable limits , the amount of pollutants should be adjusted with the investigation results and the river cross-section pollution load should be verified with the monitoring data.

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