中文摘要：

自然界存在许多具有各向异性表面结构的生物,其表面表现出典型的对液体操控的方向性的差异.近年来,这种表面微结构的构筑引起了广泛的研究兴趣,已成为一个热点研究方向.天然的各向异性浸润表面是由复杂的异质微纳米结构组成,基于基础研究和应用推广的目的,可以将其简化为一些有序的方向性结构表面.本文介绍了现在应用广泛的几种各向异性微纳米分级结构的构筑方法,并对比分析其可行性.同时,文中还深入讨论了各向异性微纳米分级结构表面对于液体行为的调控.这种各向异性微纳米分级结构表面在微流体运输、微流控芯片等领域将有重要应用,也会对生命科学（比如生物芯片和重大疾病的早期诊断）、能源（比如电极材料的可控制备）和环境（比如污染物的分离及定向转化）等研究做出巨大的贡献.

英文摘要：

Many natural biological anisotropie wetting surfaces showed a typical directional difference in the wetting behavior for manipulating water droplets. In recent years, the fabrieat：on of miero-/nano- hierarchical structural materials with directional differences has attracted a widely research interest. Drawn inspirations from nature, building anisotropic structural surface is the key to realize the directional wetting behavior. Herein, the research progresses in fabricating anisotropic micro-/nano hierarchical structural materials, as well as the typical directional wetting behavior on their surfaces with different topological nature are sammarized. It will be helpful for promising applications in various fields as microfluidic devices, water/oil sep~rration and high efficient liquid collection and so on.