中文摘要：

为了商品化，造成房间和金属空气电池，为氧减小反应(ORR ) 的划算的、高度活跃的催化剂必须被开发。此处，我们描述发展便宜， heteroatom (N， P， Fe ) 第三药的、多孔的碳(HDPC ) 。这些材料被与铁盐对待的自然的茶叶子的一步舞热分解准备，没有任何化学、物理的激活。茶的自然结构离开提供 3D 在碳化以后的层次多孔的结构。而且，在茶叶子的 heteroatom 包含有机化合物充当先锋到 functionalize 结果的碳框架。另外，我们发现在茶叶子在场的多酚充当 ligands，与形成协作混合物的 Fe 离子反应；这些建筑群为 Fe 和 N 充当了先锋活跃地点。在热分解以后，同样准备的 HDPC electrocatalysts，特别 HDPC-800 (在 800 爠灥牯 ? 的 pyrolyzed ? 楴慴楮浵漠楸敤戭獡摥琠敨慲数瑵捩愠敧瑮眠瑩 ?? 楨桧攠晦捩捡 ? 湡 ? 潬 ? 潴楸楣祴映牯琠敨倠呔瀠潲散獳? 敗搠浥湯瑳慲整 ? 桴瑡 ?条 n 椠 ? 晥敦瑣癩汥? 敲畤楣杮琠敨 ? 愠摮 ?? 桰獡 ? 敳牧来瑡潩 ? 牰扯敬 ? 琠敨敲祢映捡汩瑩瑡湩 ? 桴 ? 潦浲瑡潩 ? 景琠畲祬琠牥慮祲 ?? 中瀠慨敳愠潴業? 慬敹獲？？

英文摘要：

To commercialize fuel cells and metal-air batteries, cost-effective, highly active catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） must be developed. Herein, we describe the development of low-cost, heteroatom （N, P, Fe） ternary-doped, porous carbons （HDPC）. These materials are prepared by one-step pyrolysis of natural tea leaves treated with an iron salt, without any chemical and physical activation. The natural structure of the tea leaves provide a 3D hierarchical porous structure after carbonization. Moreover, heteroatom containing organic compounds in tea leaves act as precursors to functionalize the resultant carbon frameworks. In addition, we found that the polyphenols present in tea leaves act as ligands, reacting with Fe ions to form coordination compounds; these complexes acted as the precursors for Fe and N active sites. After pyrolysis, the as-prepared HDPC electrocatalysts, especially HDPC-800 （pyrolyzed at 800℃）, had more positive onsets, half-wave potentials, and higher catalytic activities for the ORR, which proceeds via a direct four-electron reaction pathway in alkaline media, similar to commercial Pt/C catalysts. Furthermore, HDPC-X also showed enhanced durability and better tolerance to methanol crossover and CO poisoning effects in comparison to commercial Pt/C, making them promising alternatives for state-of-the-art ORR electrocatalysts for electrochemical energy conversion. The method used here provides valuable guidelines for the design of high-performance ORR electrocatalysts from natural sources at the industrial scale.