中文摘要：

目的探讨古细菌与牙周疾病的关系，为深入研究古细菌与人类疾病的相关性和古细菌的可能致病机制奠定基础。方法收集侵袭性牙周炎23例、慢性牙周炎29例、慢性龈炎35例及牙周健康者38人的龈下菌斑，进行古细菌的定性和定量检测。结果古细菌在龈下菌斑中的检出率：侵袭性牙周炎组65％，慢性牙周炎组72％，慢性龈炎组26％，健康对照组未检出。每微克湿重菌斑中的古细菌16SrRNA基因平均拷贝数：侵袭性牙周炎组6．66×10^6，慢性牙周炎组4．47×10^6，慢性龈炎组1．78×10^6.龈下菌斑中牙周炎组古细菌的检出率、古细菌16SrRNA基因平均拷贝数均高于龈炎组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论古细菌可能为牙周炎的致病因素之一。

英文摘要：

Objective To make qaulititive and quantitative analysis of Archaea in subgingival plaque sample and to investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and .Archaea. Methods Subgingival plaque was collected from 23 patients with aggressive periodontitis, 29 with chronic periodontitis, 35 with plaque-induced gingivitis and 38 healthy controls. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of methanogenic archaea was performed by amplification of the 16S rRNA genes in the DNA extracted from the plaque samples. Results Archaea were found in 65% of aggressive periodontitis patients, 72% of chronic periodontitis, 26% of ginginvitis and zero of healthy subjects. Quantitative analysis showed the average abundance of archaeal 16S rRNA gene in Archaea-positive patients was different among the three groups. The average 16S rRNA gene copy number from per p,g wet plaque was 6. 66 ×10^6 in aggressive periodontitis sufferers, 4. 47 ×10^6 in chronic periodontits and 1.78 ×10^6 in ginginvitis groups. The prevalence of Archaea and the average ,Archaea 16S rRNA gene numbers in periodontitis groups were higher than those in gingivitis group （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions This suggests that Archaea may be implicated as causative agents for periodontits.