心理时间旅行是个体主观地将自我定位到曾经经历过的时间和地点来重新体验自己的过去(情景记忆),或者将自我定位到未来提前体验某个事件的过程(预见)。本研究考察了事件可控性和自我控制能力对4岁幼儿心理时间旅行的影响。结果表明,在对情景记忆的回忆中,自我控制能力高的儿童在事件可控性高低两种情境下,报告的具体事件的数量没有差别;而自我控制能力低的儿童对于可控性高的事件比可控性低的事件报告出更多的具体内容。在对预见任务的想像中,幼儿对于可控性高的事件能够预见到更具体更准确的内容。成人应该为幼儿提供更多可控程度高的情境,鼓励他们积极参与,尽情地发挥想像力和创造性,在活动过后与幼儿讨论活动的细节,同时还要注意培养幼儿的自我控制能力。
The present study explored time travel of 4 years old children. The results showed that for episodic memory, children with high self- control abilities reported no more specific events on high-control events than those on low-control events. For foresight, children could report more specific and accurate events on high-control events than those on low- control events. In addition, some suggestions were given to parents and teachers.