中文摘要：

人口普查误差,即普查登记人数与＂人口数真值＂之差,也叫净误差,实际上是普查遗漏人数抵消普查错误计数人数的结果。净误差掩盖了人口普查中所发生的错误计数和遗漏这两个方面错误的真实情况。美国普查局决定,在2010年人口普查的事后质量检查中,除了像以往一样继续估计净误差之外,还将估计错误计数人数和遗漏人数。这是对人口普查事后质量检查工作的一项重大改进。本文在解读有关文献的基础上,讨论了估计错误计数人数和遗漏人数的途径、数据准备以及抽样估计的有关问题。

英文摘要：

Population census error which equals to the difference between census count and true population count is also called net error,which is actually the result that census omissions offset erroneous inclusions.Net error will cover up actual exists of census omissions and erroneous inclusions.U.S.Census Bureau decided to estimate omissions and erroneous inclusions besides net error in its 2010 census post-quality survey.It was a major improvement on census post-quality survey.This article discusses some issues on the way to estimate erroneous inclusions and omissions,data preparation,and sampling measurement on the basis of the interpretation of the related literatures.