中文摘要：

金属阳离子在生命科学和环境科学中扮演着重要的角色。在生命科学和环境检测领域，对这些金属阳离子进行定性和定量检测有着重要的意义。磷光重金属配合物以其优异的光物理性质在金属阳离子检测领域具有非常好的应用前景，如大的斯托克斯位移可以很容易区分激发和发射，长的发光寿命可使用时间分辨技术与背景荧光信号相区分以提高检测的信噪比和灵敏度以及可使用可见光进行激发等。本文总结了近年来基于重金属配合物的阳离子磷光化学传感器的研究进展。这些重金属配合物包括Pt（Ⅱ）、Ru（11）、Re（I）、Ir（m）以及Au（I）等的配合物。分别从设计原则和用于检测金属阳离子的磷光化学传感器研究进展等方面进行了阐述。最后，对用于阳离子检测的重金属配合物磷光化学传感器的研究和发展方向措行了展望。

英文摘要：

Metal cations play very important roles in life and environmental sciences. The qualitative detection and quantitative determination of these metal cations are of great importance in biology and environmental monitoring. Phosphorescent heavy-metal complexes applied in chemosensors for metal cations have attracted increasing interest because they have some advantageous photophysical properties, such as evident Stokes shifts for easy separation of excitation and emission, significant single-photon excitation in the visible range and relatively long lifetimes, which makes their luminescence be easily identified from fluorescent backgrounds. The research progress in phosphorescent chemosensors for metal cations based on heavy-metal complexes is summarized, with focusing on the design principles and recent development of phosphorescent ehemosensors for metal cations based on some heavy-metal complexes, such as Pt（ Ⅱ ） -, Ru（ Ⅱ ） -, Re（ Ⅰ ） -, Ir（ Ⅲ ）- and Au（ Ⅰ ）-based complexes.