中文摘要：

最近发现,在细菌和古菌中广泛存在的成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR）及其相关蛋白是针对噬菌体、质粒等外源DNA的获得性和可遗传的免疫系统。本文综述了CRISPR系统的基本结构、多样性、作用机理及其区分自我与非我的机制,并对CRISPR研究和应用前景进行了展望。

英文摘要：

The recently discovered Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat（CRISPRs） can protect bacteria and archaea with adaptive and heritable defense systems against the invasion of phage-and plasmid-associated mobile genetic elements.Here,we review the structure,diversity,mechanism of interference and self versus non-self discrimination of CRISPR systems.We also discuss the potential applications of this novel interference system.