中文摘要：

作为资金密集型与大资本运营行业,煤炭贸易企业要在激烈的市场竞争中求得生存和发展就需要大量的资金准时投入,而随着国家对煤炭行业的新一轮宏观政策,煤炭贸易企业靠传统的银行融资就显得比较困难,这在近年来导致了较多的下游煤炭经销商不得不改行甚至破产。基于此,我国迫切需要提供下游煤炭经销商的融资决策理论与方法。本文表明当下游煤炭经销商面临资金不足并需要借贷时,它们可以利用基于供应链金融的应收账款质押和民间借贷两种不同方式进行融资。在这两种融资模式下,本文以煤炭经销商的收益为目标函数,以贷款方的审核时间、放贷率、贷款利率等为决策变量,提供了下游煤炭经销商的融资模式选择以及相关的最优融资额,从而能够确定它们的煤炭最优订货量。本文的研究结果为下游煤炭经销商的融资决策提供了有用的理论方法,对开拓煤炭港口企业的融资理念与推动煤炭港口整体的经济发展有着重要的应用价值。

英文摘要：

As an industry with capital-intensive and large capital operations, a coal trading enterprise al ways has to use a lot of money on time in order to survive and keep its development with respect to any in tense market competition. At the same time, because of the new round of country＇s macroeconomic policies for coal industry, the traditional bank financing become more and more difficult for many coal trading enterprises. Therefore, this causes divertion and bankruptcy of more downstream coal dealers in the past years. Based on this, it is necessary and important to provide theory and methods of financing decisionmaking for the downstream coal trading enterprise in China. In this paper, it＇s shown that a downstream coal dealer is at the funds shortage and has to borrow some necessary money, then its financing decisionmaking modes contain two different ways： （1） Pledge of accounts receivable, and （2） private lending. For each of the two financial decision-making modes, this paper establishes an earnings maximal model, the decision-making variables of which include the audit time, the pledge rate and the lending rate and so on. Thus, this paper describes the financial decision-making as： borrowing, and non-borrowing, in the pledge of accounts receivable as well as the private lending. When the borrowing is chosen, the optimal value of money borrowed in both the pledge of accounts receivable and the private lending is derived, and also the optimal number for each downstream coal order is determined from the upstream ones. Based on this, useful theory and effective methods are provided for supporting the downstream coal dealers when the financial decision-making is needed. Therefore, important applications are offered for extending and generalizing some practically financial concepts for many coal enterprises on some sea ports, and some of them can promote the economic development of the coal sea ports.