中文摘要：

【目的】运用整合分析方法（meta-analysis）,首次在大尺度范围定量研究高效氮肥施用对中国水稻产量和氮素吸收量的影响,以评估高效氮肥施用的经济效益并为高效氮肥在中国推广使用提供科学依据。【方法】通过搜集整理国内外48篇文献的大田试验数据资料,建立水稻产量和氮素吸收量数据库,进而应用整合分析方法,比较分析高效氮肥施用对中国水稻产量和氮素吸收量的整体影响及高效氮肥的有利施用条件。【结果】与施用常规化肥相比,高效氮肥施用使中国水稻产量和氮素吸收量分别增加了7.5%（95%置信区间：6.7%—8.4%）和10.5%（95%置信区间：9.5%—11.4%）。分析其影响因素,发现在碱性土壤（pH≥7.5）施用高效氮肥使水稻产量和氮素吸收量分别提高了约10.5%和18.8%,其效果好于在酸性（pH≤6.5）和中性（pH 6.5—7.5）土壤上施用;包膜缓/控释氮肥较稳定性氮肥有效,尤其在氮素吸收量方面,硝化抑制剂与常规氮肥相比没有影响,而包膜缓/控释氮肥则使氮素吸收量提高17.9%;高效氮肥仅作为基肥一次性施入土壤使水稻产量和氮素吸收量较分次施入土壤分别提高了4.2%和7.5%,同时可以考虑将高效氮肥与常规肥料混合施用,既节省费用,又可以取得同样的增产效果;当施氮总量为120—180 kg·hm^-2时,高效氮肥的增效作用最为明显,分别使水稻产量和氮素吸收量提高6.5%和12.1%;就地域分布而言,在中国北方施用高效氮肥可以取得更好的效果,使水稻产量和氮素吸收量较南方施用高效氮肥分别提高了3.4%和3.0%。【结论】在中国稻田中（尤其是碱性土壤）施用高效氮肥,尤其是包膜缓/控释氮肥（作为基肥一次性施入土壤）,且控制施氮总量在120—180 kg·hm^-2时,对提高水稻产量和氮素吸收量效果较好。在中国稻田中,硝化抑制剂,尤其是3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐对提高水稻氮素吸收量?

英文摘要：

【Objective】This study is the first to make a large-scale assessment of the effect of the application of enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers（EENF） on rice yield and plant N uptake quantitatively to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the economic benefits of EENF and promoting the use of EENF in China.【Method】A total of 48 peer-reviewed studies were collected in Chinese and English books and journals to establish a field experimental database, and a meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the response of rice yield and N uptake to EENF in China and to determine under what conditions EENF are the most effective. 【Result】 The results suggested that, on average, the application of EENF made rice yield and N uptake increase by 7.5%（95% CI： 6.7%-8.4%） and 10.5%（95% CI： 9.5%-11.4%）, respectively. In terms of factors, it was found that soil pH had a significant effect on rice yield and N uptake, which was increased by 10.5% and 18.8% in alkaline soils（pH≥7.5） which are more than that in acidic（pH≤6.5） and neutral soils（pH： 6.5-7.5）. Coated slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer（CRF） was better than nitrification inhibitors, especially for N uptake, nitrification inhibitor had no effect on it, but CRF made it increase by 17.9% than conventional fertilization; EENF applied as basal fertilization was better than split fertilization, which increased rice yield and N uptake by 4.2% and 7.5% and they were less than as basal fertilization. Besides, mixing EENF with control fertilizer had equal effect, and it was labor-saving; the best practice for N rate was 120-180 kg·hm^-2, which increased rice production and N uptake by 6.5% and 12.1%, respectively. At last, the application of EENF in northern China was better than in southern China, because it increased rice yield and N uptake by 3.4% and 3.0% more than in southern China.【Conclusion】The best practice in this study to increase rice yield and plant N uptake is to use EENF, especially the coa