中文摘要：

传统的载流导体感抗计算公式,因没有考虑集肤效应而不能直接应用于钢轨感抗的精确计算。首先采用有限元法仿真分析不同幅值和频率的电流在钢轨内部的电流密度分布,可见,钢轨内部工频及工频以上的电流由于集肤效应而主要集中分布在钢轨表面,而在钢轨表面一定深度呈指数衰减,因此可将钢轨等效为电流密度成指数衰减的圆柱形载流导体;在此基础上,基于集肤效应和电流与钢轨内磁通的交链机理,推导钢轨感抗的精确计算公式。用推导出的精确计算公式计算钢轨感抗,并与测试结果比较。结果表明：钢轨感抗的计算结果与实测值的误差不超过10%;钢轨感抗随着电流频率的升高而增大,随着电流幅值的增大先快速增加而后缓慢减小;钢轨的截面尺寸越小其感抗越大。给出的钢轨感抗精确计算方法还可用于动车组不同工作状态下脉冲瞬态干扰对地电位影响的分析。

英文摘要：

The traditional calculation formula for current carrying conductor inductance without considering skin effect cannot be directly applied to the accurate calculation of rail inductance. The distribution of current density with different amplitudes and frequencies in the rail is simulated by finite element method. Due to skin effect, the power frequency current in the rail and the current greater than the power frequency are mainly distributed on rail surface, and the current is exponentially decaying inside the rail. Therefore, the rail can be equivalent to a cylindrical current carrying conductor with an exponentially decaying current density. Based on skin effect and the linkage mechanism of the current and rail internal flux, the accurate calculation formula is derived to calculate rail inductance. The rail inductance is calculated by this formula, and compared with test results. Results show that the error between the calculated and measured values does not exceed 10%. Rail inductance increases with increasing current frequency, with the increase of current amplitude, it rapidly increases first and then decreases slowly. The smaller is rail section, the greater is rail inductance. The accurate calculation method for rail inductance can also be used to analyze the transient pulse interference effect on ground potential under different working conditions of the EMU.