中文摘要：

利用特制的电弧放电装置，研究了水或液氮中碳电弧放电形成炭纳米材料的机理。借助高分辨率透射电子显微镜对电弧放电生成的产物进行了观察和分析。结果表明：在水或液氮中碳电弧放电可以生成多壁碳纳米管和碳纳米洋葱结构，液氮中碳电弧放电可以生成单壁碳纳米角，水中钴催化碳电弧放电可以生成碳包裹的纳米钴颗粒。横向低频交变磁场会影响碳纳米材料的形核过程，并且可以推测磁场交变的频率5Hz与纳米管、纳米洋葱等结构的生长周期存在某种拟合。根据实验现象，提出了一种解释液体中碳电弧放电过程纳米材料生成的理论模型。

英文摘要：

The growth mechanism of carbon nano-materials by arc discharge in water or liquid nitrogen was investigated using a special arc discharge apparatus. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to observe and analyze the products. Results indicated that multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） and carbon onions can be produced by arc discharge in water and liquid nitrogen respectively. Single-walled carbon nanohorns can be produced by arc discharge in liquid nitrogen, and cobalt encapsulated carbon nano-particles can be produced by cobalt catalyzed carbon arc discharge in water. The liquids acted as quenching walls for the nucleation and growth of carbon nano-materials, resulting in the formation of different forms of carbon nano-materials. A cross alternating magnetic field with a frequency 5 Hz can affect the nucleation of nano-materials to form MWCNTs or carbon onions because nucleation time is longer than the periodicity of the magnetic field. Based on the experimental phenomena, a primary physical model was proposed to interpret the growth of nano-materials by arc discharge in liquids.