近几十年来,高强度人类活动导致海湾生态环境恶化、生态系统失衡,已严重威胁到海岸带地区经济和社会的可持续发展。营养物质输入是人类活动影响海湾生态环境的关键因素。海湾营养物质来源多样,形态转化多变,生态过程及其效应复杂,营养物质在海湾的迁移转化规律及其对海湾生态环境的影响过程与机理,是国际海洋生态环境研究的前沿。目前,国际海湾生态环境研究主要呈现出如下发展趋势:1从环境质量、生物群落结构等现象研究转向环境变化机理、生态系统结构与功能的响应机制研究;2从对海湾生态环境某个环节的研究转向对海湾生态系统的全过程、系统性研究;3从单纯研究海湾水体转向陆海相互作用的完整性研究,并从管理上提出海陆统筹的要求;4从对海湾生态环境某个时段变化的研究转向生态系统长期连续变化规律的研究。未来应重点开展的研究包括:营养物质在半封闭性海湾长期滞留聚集条件下的迁移转化规律;营养物质变化对海湾生态系统结构与功能的影响过程与机制;基于生态系统水平的海湾综合管理理论体系。
In recent decades,environmental degradation and unbalance of the embayment ecosystems caused by intense anthropogenic activities have threatened sustainable management of social and economic development in coastal areas. Nutrient input caused by human activities is a key factor affecting the ecological environment of the embayments. Therefore,transportation and transformation of nutrients and how these processes impacting on ecoenvironment being and in the involved mechanisms of embayments have been attracting the most of international attention in marine eco-environmental research. Nowadays,the main development trends in the embayments' eco-environment research areas are: 1from phenomenon investigations of environmental quality and also biological community structure to environmental change mechanism and response mechanism of ecosystem structure and function;2from fragment study of the eco-environment in the embayments to the ecosystem process and integrated system research; 3from the simple study of water to land-ocean interaction,and proposing the management requirements of integration of sea and watershed; and 4from short-term research of ecological environment to a long-term continuous variation study. Thus,the focus of the present study is mainly on: 1revealing the patterns of transportation and transformation of various nutrients in semi-closed bays under long-staying and long retention conditions; 2understanding the affecting processes and underlying mechanisms of nutrient variations on the community structure and function in the embayments; and 3establishing an integrated ecosystem-based management theory system.