中文摘要：

为了解释斜坡的形成过程，并且识别导致一个斜坡的不稳定性的关键因素，冒险，在在 Zhaotong 的 Touzhai 山崩的 vadose 地区的 Emeishan 暗岩 saprolite，云南，被学习。Emeishan 暗岩 saprolite 的形成和进化被检验用在另外的技术之中，回答调查，薄节分析，扫描电子显微镜学(SEM ) 观察，化学分析，岩石群众的物理、水物理的性质测试。领域观察表明捱过的岩石块的多数表现为内部 corestone 与外部 saprolized 外壳的几层包在里的同心的层结构。化学、矿物学的分析鉴别铁是最敏感的元素并且捱过的进步通常在岩石块以 Fe ²⁺ 的氧化开始了到 Fe ³⁺ 。象 Si， Ca， Mg， Na 和 K 那样的碱的元素也被溶解， Fe 和艾尔在 saprolized 外壳中被集中。结果显示点火(LOI ) 上的损失也显著地增加了。SEM 结果证明暗岩块的捱过的紧张从外面逐渐地减少了到里面，并且矿物质形态学显著地在捱过的前面的双方上不同。saprolized 外壳由于 micropore 和泥土矿物质的产生介绍了细胞的微观结构特征。薄节分析证明那斜长石是相对比辉石和绿泥石更稳定在捱过期间。与捱过的前面的向心的繁殖， saprolized 外壳变得更厚， corestones 变得更小；新鲜 Emeishan 暗岩块逐渐地变成了 saprolized 块。由于松开的结构和 saprolite 的低力量， Emeishan 暗岩团的质量显著地败坏了，这是引起了 Touzhai 山崩到的一个潜在地重要的因素发生。

英文摘要：

In order to explain the formation process of slope hazards, and to identify the key factors leading to instability of a slope, Emeishan basalt saprolite in vadose zones of the Touzhai landslide in Zhaotong, Yunnan, was studied. The formation and evolution of Emeishan basalt saprolite was examined using, amongst other techniques, field investigations,thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） observations, chemical analysis, physical and water-physical property tests of rock masses. Field observations revealed that the majority of the weathered rock blocks were presented as a concentric layer structure in which an internal corestone was enveloped with several layers of external saprolized crust. Chemical and mineralogical analysis identified that iron was the most sensitive element and that the weathering progress usually started with the oxidation of Fe2＋ to Fe3＋ in rock blocks. Alkaline elements such as Si, Ca, Mg, Na and K were also dissolved and Fe and Al were concentrated in saprolized crusts. Results indicated that loss on ignition（LOI） also increased significantly. SEM results showed that the weathering intensity of thebasalt blocks decreased gradually from the outside to the inside, and the mineral morphology significantly differed on both sides of the weathering front. The saprolized crusts presented cellular microstructure features due to the generation of micropore and clay minerals. Thin section analysis showed that plagioclase was relatively more stable than pyroxene and chlorite during weathering. With a centripetal propagation of the weathering front, saprolized crusts became thicker and corestones became smaller; fresh Emeishan basalt blocks gradually turned into saprolized blocks. Due to the loose structure and low strength of saprolite, the quality of the Emeishan basalt mass significantly deteriorated, this being a potentially important factor which caused the Touzhai landslide to occur.