中文摘要：

海洋平台长期暴露在海洋环境当中，因此复杂的海上环境载荷以及爆炸、火灾等偶然载荷作用会对平台的安全造成很大的威胁。安全储备概念的提出就是为了对结构的安全性进行量化评价。对现阶段结构安全储备的研究进行分析和总结，为海洋平台结构安全性的定量分析提供思路，从而能够更合理地提高海洋平台结构的安全储备。首先概述了海洋平台方面安全储备的发展过程。综述了结构安全储备方面的相关概念、分类方式、评价标准以及相关的安全储备性能指标。从确定性研究方法和基于概率的研究方法两方面，对海洋平台安全储备研究现状进行对比和总结，并分别列举了构件层次的安全储备和与海洋平台结构相关的RSR和CMR等安全储备指标及研究方法，并提出了一些关于海洋平台结构安全储备研究的问题和思路。

英文摘要：

Offshore platforms are exposed in the complex marine environment. Therefore, complicated environmental loads and accidental loads, such as blast and fire, can be quite a threat to structural safety. In order to carry out quantitative description for structures, the term ＂safety reserve＂ has been proposed. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the existing ideas, indices and methods to clarify structural safety reserve for further safety quantitative analysis of offshore platform structures, and for further improvement of the safety for platform structures reasonably. The development of safety reserve corresponding to offshore platforms is briefly introduced at first. Then the concept, categorization, evaluation criteria and existing indices of safety reserve are introduced. Classified with deterministic-based analysis and probabilistic-based analysis for safety assessment, existing safety reserve factors, such as RSR and CMR, and analysis methods of platform components and structures are enumerated. Conclusions and open issues to be solved are discussed lastly.