利用波长为1.054μm脉宽为20 ns的Nd:glass激光器对表面覆有铝箔的退火态45钢进行了激光冲击处理。用光学显微镜和扫描电镜、X射线应力分析仪及显微硬度计对激光冲击试样的微结构演变、残余应力和硬度分别进行了观察和测试。结果表明,在"完全约束"和几近绝热的条件下,激光诱发的冲击波的超高应变率使45钢表面产生一系列应变效应。激光冲击在试样表面产生的残余压应力可达425 MPa;激光冲击对材料内部各相的显微硬度有显著影响;受激光冲击后,珠光体中的渗碳体依据其位相出现不同程度的破碎现象;先共析铁素体内产生位错和孪晶,形变孪晶呈现薄透镜片状和交互状。
The annealed 45 steel covered with aluminum foil was laser shocked using the Nd:glass laser setup with 1.054 μm wave length and 20 ns short pulse.The microstructure and its evolution were observed and analyzed with the thermo-field emission scanning electron microscope,optical microscope respectively.The residual stress was measured by means of X-ray residual stress tester X-350A,and the micro-hardness was tested on HVS-1000 digital micro-hardness tester.The results indicate that the laser shock waves applying to the 45 steel surfaces can induce a series of strain effects under the conditions of complete restraint and near adiabatic.The residual stress on the shocked surface of the steel reaches 425 MPa,the laser shocking has the remarked influence on the hardness distribution of cememtite and ferrite of shocked steel,The cementite in the pearlite breaks down into smaller pieces after laser shocked according to their orientations,and the dislocations and twins are observed in the hypo-eutectoid ferrite.It is found that the twins have the thin lens-like and/or intersected morphology.