中文摘要：

采用RAPD分子标记技术，从100个随机引物中筛选出多态性强、重复性好且稳定性高的引物18个，对38份野生鸢尾属材料进行扩增，共扩增出409条带，其中多态性带405条，多态性比率为99．0％，表明野生鸢尾属植物种间有丰富的遗传多态性；根据DNA谱带计算物种间遗传距离，聚类分析结果将鸢尾属38份材料划分为6组，其结果与传统生物学特性划分的6个亚属的分类结果基本一致；物种特有RAPD标记分析表明，利用18个引物可以较好地将鸢尾属38种植物区分开，其中9个材料得到了单一标记的扩增带，表明运用RAPD分子标记对研究鸢尾属植物特异性基因及标记的筛选等有一定的理论和实际应用价值。

英文摘要：

RAPD molecular markers were used to detect the genetic diversity among 38 materials of Iris L. 18 primers,screened out of 100 random primers, were used which could produce clear, polymorphic and steady bands. And of 409 bands produced totally, 405 bands（99.0%） were polymorphic, which indicated the genetic diversity of Iris L. was very rich. The 38 materials of Iris L. were divided into 6 groups at DNA level, which was basically consistent with the traditional taxology by biologic characters which has 6 subgenus. The results indicated that the 38 materials of Iris L. could be differentiated by the 18 primers easily. There were 9 materials having their own RAPD markers. It showed that RAPD marker had the academic and practical value in detecting the special gene among Iris L. plants.