中文摘要：

地下水环境容量是水环境容量的一个重要组成部分,该容量的确定可为地下水污染的防治、地下水污染总量控制提供重要的科学数据。文中重点研究地下水环境容量的基本概念、组成和计算方法。首先,对地下水环境容量研究的进展进行了综述,在环境容量内涵分析的基础上,给出了地下水环境容量定义,提出了潜力环境容量的概念。针对地下水的特殊性,从含水介质类型、地下水埋藏条件、地下水动力条件和污染物的地下水化学作用条件等4个方面论述了地下水环境容量的影响因素,提出了用于地下水环境容量计算的不同地下水功能区的地下水质目标。从应用层面上,将地下水环境容量分为两种类型：区域地下水环境容量指一个大的行政区或水文地质单元地下水环境容量,由稀释容量、自净容量和迁移量组成,文中给出了区域地下水环境容量和潜力环境容量的计算公式和计算方法;特定地下水环境容量则是指给定污染地段对指定区域的环境容量,文中也给出了相应的求解方法。

英文摘要：

Environmental capacity of groundwater,which provides significant science data for the groundwater pollution prevention and control,is an important part in the category of environmental capacity.This paper focuses on the basic concept of environmental capacity of groundwater,its composition and computing method.First of all,the paper reviews the progress in the studies of environmental capacity of groundwater.On the basis of analysis about connotation of environmental capacity,the paper puts forward the definition of environmental capacity of groundwater,and presents the concept of potential environmental capacity.Because of the particularity of groundwater,the factors influencing environmental capacity of groundwater are discussed in four aspects,which are water-bearing media type,buried conditions of groundwater,hydrodynamic conditions of groundwater and chemical actions of pollution in groundwater.And groundwater quality goals in different function areas,which could be used in the calculation of environmental capacity of groundwater,are also put forward.From the application level,the environmental capacity of groundwater could be divided into two categories： regional environmental capacity of groundwater and specified environmental capacity of groundwater.The regional environmental capacity of groundwater,which refers to the environmental capacity of groundwater in a large administrative area or hydrogeological unit,is composed of dilution capacity,self-purification capacity,and migration.In this study,the calculation formulas and methods about regional environmental capacity and potential environmental capacity are brought forth.The specified environment capacity of groundwater refers to the maximum amount of pollutants from a given lot that a designated area could tolerate.The relevant solving method is also proposed in the paper.