中文摘要：

生长激素（growth hormone,GH）是一种含有191个氨基酸的多肽类激素,分子质量为22ku,由垂体前叶分泌进入血液循环,与靶细胞膜表面以二聚体形式存在的生长激素受体（growth hormone receptor,GHR）相结合。对于受体的激活来说,仅是二聚化还不够,还需在GH的诱导下发生构象变化,进而才能诱发Janus激酶2（Janus kinase 2,JAK2）的酪氨酸磷酸化,并通过4条不同的路径将信号传入细胞内,从而发挥代谢、增殖及分化等一系列生理效应。作者就生长激素与受体的结构、作用机理、信号转导通路的进展进行综述。

英文摘要：

The growth hormone（GH）,a 191 amino acid polypeptide secreted by the anterior pituitary into the blood circulation,has a molecular weight of 22ku.It binds to membrane receptors existing as a preformed dimer in target tissues to cause a conformational change to exert on its effects.Janus kinase 2（JAK2） and other cytokines are rapidly activated after GH binding and induced four different signal transduction pathways which bring signal into cells to generate a series of physiological effects such as metabolism,proliferation and differentiation.This article reviewed the structure,mechanism of action, and signal transduction pathways of growth hormone and growth hormone receptor.