中文摘要：

林木由于世代周期长、个体高大、遗传负荷高等自身固有的一些特性,一直被认为是一种非常难以操作的遗传学材料,导致林木遗传育种在基础研究方面远远滞后于模式动、植物和其他重要作物,成为限制林木遗传改良进程的主要因素。分子育种是突破林木育种周期长的关键技术,通过基因组学研究,分析和阐明林木基因的功能是进行林木分子育种设计的前提。近年来随着生命科学领域新技术的快速发展,林木遗传育种基础研究也出现一些新的热点。本文主要阐述林木基因组和功能基因组学、连锁与关联分析、木材形成机制及分子育种技术的研究进展,虽然目前相关研究成果实际应用的条件还不成熟,但作为技术储备是急需加强的研究方向。

英文摘要：

Compared to modern crops,forest trees have some inborn characteristics,such as long life span,gigantic size,and high genetic load,which make trees difficult to manipulate in genetics studies,and lead to the progress of their basic genetic studies lagging behind that of many other important organisms.The poor research basis is the major factor that hampers the proceeding of forest improvement programs.Molecular breeding is the key technology to overcome the long breeding cycle of forest trees.Identification and functional analysis of gene/genes underlying important traits are the preconditions for molecular breeding practice in tree species.With the fast development of life technologies,new hot topics are popping up in the basic studies of forest genetics and breeding.In this paper,we briefly introduce the progress of some hot topics in the basic studies for woody plants,including tree genome and functional genomics,linkage and association analyses,wood formation mechanisms,and molecular breeding.Although achievements from the relevant studies are not in practical applications yet,they will provide important technical storage for future tree breeding programs.We wish this review could help to accelerate the progress of the relevant studies.