中文摘要：

应用新经济地理学的模型和方法，本文在一个多国FC模型的基础上融入了比较优势因素，着重探讨了PTA形成后，比较优势差异对PTA内外部国家的区位效应、总体福利影响及其具体作用机制。结果发现：（1）比较优势作为一种重要的离心力，将会弱化大国的本地市场效应，使小国不致沦为工业化的外围；（2）当超过某个门槛值时，比较优势将会发生作用阻止工业从PTA外部向内部转移；（3）比较优势的存在使双重本地市场效应变得不确定；（4）在PTA外部贸易自由度较高的情况下，PTA外部国家较大的比较优势在弱化PTA内部国家福利的同时，可能改善自身的福利。

英文摘要：

Using the model and methodology of the New Economic Geography, this paper incorporates the Ricardian comparative advantage into the multi-country footloose capital model and discusses how the differences of comparative advantage among countries affect industrial locations, aggregate welfare and the mechanisms leading to these effects for members and nonmembers of a PTA. The policy implication is that China should carefully evaluate the differences of comparative advantage between China and other countries in establishing PTAs.