中文摘要：

经过几十年的发展,分子凝胶研究取得了巨大的进步.然而,这些研究大多还停留在开发新的胶凝剂、发现新的凝胶体系和揭示新的胶凝机理.在未来的研究中,如何更好地发挥分子凝胶的优势,推进分子凝胶的现实应用已经成为该领域研究人员的共同期盼.考虑到：（1）有序或部分有序小分子胶凝剂三维网络结构的形成是分子凝胶赖以存在的基础,（2）内相多孔网状结构的存在有助于荧光敏感薄膜材料获得良好传感性能,（3）凝胶乳液的液-液两相特点有可能因凝胶作用的发生而转化为固-固（凝胶-凝胶）或固-液（凝胶-液）两相结构等因素,在过去的10年里,作者实验室将分子凝胶策略引入到新型荧光敏感薄膜材料、凝胶乳液和以凝胶乳液为模板的低密度多孔材料制备中,由此,获得了一系列性能优异的敏感薄膜材料和油水分离材料,拓展了分子凝胶研究.本文结合本课题组工作实际,阐述分子凝胶策略在功能表界面材料制备中的应用,提出分子凝胶拓展研究面临的主要挑战,展望分子凝胶拓展研究的前景和发展趋势.

英文摘要：

Low molecular-mass gelators（LMMGs） were first reported in the 1930 s, but interest in the field was dwindled for several decades until the mid-1990 s when Shinkai, Weiss and their colleagues re-started the research in the field based on newly developed supramolecular principles. Since then, remarkable progress has been achieved on LMMGs-based molecular gel research. However, most studies till now have been focused on the design of new LMMGs, discovery of new gels, and reveal of new gelation mechanisms. As pointed out by Weiss in one of his recent reviews（J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136： 7519–7530）, few applications of molecular gels have been realized as of yet. The reasons behind partially are their limited lifetimes and mechanical strengths at ambient conditions. Therefore, in future studies, the way to make molecular gels work into their advantages and promote their practical applications will be highly concerned. With consideration of the following characteristics of molecular gels, fluorescent films for sensing, and gel-emulsions based on LMMGs：（1） presence of three dimensional（3D） networked structures is a pre-requirement for molecular gel formation,（2） increasing porosity is beneficial for enhancing the sensing performance of fluorescent films, and（3） the internal structures of gel-emulsions would change from liquid-liquid to liquid-solid（liquid-gel） or even solid-solid（gel-gel） after gelation of one or both of the continuous and dispersed phases of the systems which may be induced by introduction of LMMGs, we introduced molecular gel strategy in fabrication of smart fluorescent sensing films and creation of new kind of gel-emulsions as well as the relevant low-density porous materials. It is known that the structure of a gel could be tuned by variation of the structure and concentration of the gelator used in the system. The gel structure is also dependent upon the nature of the solvent or solvent mixtures. These facts suggest that molecular gel structures could be largely t