中文摘要：

必需微量元素锌通过催化和结构作用参与机体多种酶和蛋白功能，与机体发育、脑功能、骨骼生长、生殖健康及免疫功能等密切相关。补充锌可以一定程度防治儿童腹泻、慢性丙型肝炎、急性下呼吸道感染以及感冒等疾病，然而过多的锌具有毒性。因此，机体存在复杂的锌离子稳态体系维持锌离子的吸收、储存和丢失的平衡过程。已发现哺乳动物中SLC39A和SLC30A两个转运蛋白家族直接参与细胞内锌离子的稳态代谢。SLC39A家族又称ZIP家族，共有14个成员，该家族多个成员已被证明可促进细胞外或细胞器内的锌离子转运到细胞质：SLC30A家族又称ZnT家族，共有10个成员，与SLC39A家族功能相反，多个家族成员可协助锌离子从细胞质内流出到细胞外或流进到细胞器内。研究提示ZnT1、ZIP4和ZIP5参与小肠锌离子吸收过程，ZIP10和ZnT1参与肾脏锌离子再吸收过程，ZIP5、ZnT2和ZnT1参与胰腺锌离子分泌丢失过程。另有证据证明SLC39A和SLC30A两个家族的蛋白还可能参与许多疾病包括肿瘤及糖尿病的发生和发展。本文将对哺乳动物SLC39A和SLC30A两个锌转运蛋白家族的最新研究进展进行综述。

英文摘要：

Zinc, as a catalytic and structural cofactor for many enzymes and proteins, plays important roles in development, brain function, bone health, fertility and immunity. Beneficial therapeutic effects of zinc supplementation has been observed in children＇s diarrhea, chronic hepatitis C, acute lower respiratory tract infection, common cold, and many others. However, excessive zinc is potentially toxic. Indeed zinc deficiency or excessive has been linked to multiple diseases including cancer, diabetes and stroke. Therefore, maintenance of zinc homeostasis is critical for every aspect of cell physiology. In last decade, much progress has been made to uncover how organisms maintain zinc homeostasis, especially the discovery of two zinc transporter families SLC39A/ZIP and SLC30A/ZnT. It is still poorly understood how to maintain zinc homeostasis given the complexity of the process. In this review, we will focus on functions and molecular mechanisms of these two critical zinc transporter families in regulation of cellular zinc homeostasis.