中文摘要：

对新石器时代北刘遗址早晚两期出土的人骨进行C、N稳定同位素分析以揭示先民的食谱特征，尝试探讨不同性别之间食谱的差异，为进一步讨论关中地区史前社会性质及其演变提供新的证据。分析结果表明，北刘遗址先民的食物结构以C4类食物为主，反映了当时先民以粟、黍种植业为主的原始农业经济模式。北刘遗址早期（老官台文化）先民在食物结构上男女并没有表现出明显差异，但在同属关中地区仰韶文化时期的姜寨遗址，男女食物结构已发生明显分化，而包含仰韶文化与龙山文化两个阶段的清凉寺遗址先民的食谱差异表现较姜寨更加明显。这种男女食物结构差异的历时性变化可能是由当时食物分配方式的改变导致，暗示了关中及临近地区从前仰韶至仰韶、龙山文化期社会制度从母系氏族社会向父系氏族社会转变的演进过程。

英文摘要：

The Beiliu Site is located in Weinan city, Shaanxi Province, China dating from Laoguantai Culture（7200-6300 BP）to Yangshao Culture（6100-4400 BP）. Since it is the earliest Neolithic site where human remains was unearthed in Shaanxi Province, it provides an opportunity to reconstruct human diet, dietary difference between genders, and social status at that time. 8 human bone samples were collected to undertake C and N stable isotope analysis. The 8 13C values of human bone collagen （-13.5‰ to -10.2‰, averaging -11.7 ‰±0.54 ‰, n=7） reveals a dominant C4-based food diet. The human 8 15N values （8.2 ‰ to 10.0 ‰, averaging 9.0%0 ±0.22%0, n=7） show that animal resources played an important role in human diets. There is no relationship between C and N isotope data which might reflect a millet agriculture lifestyle, there is no significant gender diet difference in Beiliu site which implies no social status difference between genders especially during Laoguantai culture. Comparing our results to human data from Jiangzhai site and Qingliang Temple graveyard which already published could explore social status evolution in prehistory China. In Jiangzhai Site（6900-6000 BP） which belongs to Yangshao Culture in Guanzhong region, a higher level of male δ 15N values than females was found which suggested men might consume more meat than women. In Qingliang Temple graveyard （6050-3900 BP） which coveres Yangshao Culture and Longshan Culture, the gender difference is even more notable. These diet changes between gender from pre- Yangshao, Yangshao and Longshan periods reflect the type changes of food distribution as well as the evolution of social status from matriarchal society to patrilineal society in and around Guanzhong region.