中文摘要：

耕作位移和耕作侵蚀主要是在重力作用下,由耕作工具触发的土壤侵蚀;是造成坡耕地土壤重新分布和坡耕地土壤侵蚀的重要过程之一;对坡面地形演化、土壤性质改变、土壤养分流失与重新分布、土地生产力降低、土壤碳储存变化等都有重要影响。在以往研究的基础上,总结耕作侵蚀的基本过程和机制、研究方法、影响因素和侵蚀速率的研究进展,讨论目前研究中的不足与未来可能的研究方向。不同于风蚀和水蚀,耕作侵蚀发生的动力条件是人为影响,而非自然发生的降水或风力;因而,其侵蚀过程和机制、研究方法、影响因素、侵蚀速率分布等均不同于风蚀和水蚀。耕作侵蚀主要受人为和自然因素的影响,人为因素驱动耕作侵蚀发生,坡面是耕作侵蚀的地形基础。人为因素主要有耕作工具特性、耕作方向、速度和深度等;自然因素主要包括坡面的形状和尺寸、地形、坡度和土壤性质等。强烈的耕作侵蚀主要发生在坡面上部和坡面曲率剧烈变化的部位。耕作侵蚀研究主要通过基于示踪技术的实测方法,结合模型预测开展。由于耕作侵蚀、风蚀和水蚀的研究方法各成体系,通用方法较少,因而,多营力侵蚀研究难度巨大。以^137Cs为代表的核素在研究水蚀、风蚀和耕作侵蚀中均表现出独特的优势,为区分多营力侵蚀中各种侵蚀的速率和贡献提供了新的可能。

英文摘要：

Very few studies have so far focused on tillage translocation and erosion although they have presented since human＇s cultivation activity started. Tillage translocation and erosion were discovered in the middle of the 20th century but have attracted limited attention among researchers. Scientists rediscovered these processes by the end of the 20st century when visible changes occurred in slope farmlands and systematic research on these processes started since then. Tillage translocation and erosion are triggered by tillage and are mostly influenced by gravity force. They are the main processes that cause the redistribution of soil in farmlands on hill slopes, slopes. They also greatly influence the evolution of productivity, and carbon pool. Based on the results the processes and mechanisms, influencing factors, and are among the main processes for soil erosion on slope landform, soil properties and nutrients, land of previous research, the present study summarized research methods and techniques, and erosion rates of tillage erosion, and then discussed the weakness of the previous work as well as possible research aspects in the future. Unlike wind and water erosions, tillage erosion is caused by human activity on hill slopes, but not by wind or rainfall. Therefore, tillage erosion is different from wind and water erosions on most aspects. Tillage erosion is influenced by both anthropogenic and natural factors. The anthropogenic factors refer to the tillage management of farmlands, which acts as the dynamical conditions of tillage erosion. Such factors mainly include the characteristics of tillage tool, plough direction, speed, and depth. The natural factors mainly include the shape and size of the tilled area, the terrain and gradient of slope and soil properties, in which slope is the terrain base of tillage erosion. Strong erosion by tillage usually occurs at areas near the top of a slope and areas where slope curvature greatly changes. The study methods for tillage erosion differ from those of water and wi