中文摘要：

利用地统计学方法，选择江西省贵溪铜冶炼厂污染区，研究了表层水稻土中有效态重金属的空间变异特征和影响因素。分析表明，土壤有效态Cu、Cd、Pb为中等空间相关性，有效态Zn为弱空间相关性。有效态Cu、Cd分别与有效态Zn和有效态Pb呈显著相关，表现出复合污染的特征。土壤有效态重金属的空间分布有明显的各向异性，土壤有效态重金属的长轴方位角（西北-东南和东北-西南）与污染物的扩散方向（渠道和偏东风向）相近。随污染源距离的增加，土壤有效态Cu含量降低，而有效态Cd和Pb含量增加，有效态Zn含量在西北和东南两个方向上增加。相关分析表明，影响污染区水稻土中重金属有效态含量空间分布的主要因子是离污染源的距离和地形，其次是土壤的吸附能力（土壤SO4^2-含量）以及土壤pH，土壤有机质和土壤孔隙性的影响较小。

英文摘要：

By means ofgeostatistics, a study was carried out to investigate spatial distribution of available heavy metals （HMs） in the surface layer （0 - 20 cm） of paddy fields around Guixi Copper Smeltery in Jiangxi Province, China, and to analyze factors affecting the distribution. Results showed that the soil available Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd varied in spatial distribution pattern. Soil available Cu, Cd and Pb had a moderate spatial dependence, but weak for Zn. Soil available Cu was significantly correlated with available Zn and available Cd with available Pb, showing the feature of complex pollution. The geostatistical analysis also showed a significant anisotropy in distribution of soil available HMs, which demonstrated an azimuth angle in the long axis direction （NW-SE and NE-SW） similar to the direction of the diffusion of heavy metals （along the irrigation channel and the perennial wind direction）. Soil available Cu decreased with the distance to the pollution source, while soil available Cd and Pb showed a reverse trend. Soil available Zn increased along the two directions, i.e. NW and SE. The spatial change in soil available HMs is mainly affected by transfer process, and distance from source of the pollutant and topography, and then by soil absorption capacity （soil SO4^2- content） and soil pH, and the least by soil organic matter and porosity.