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中文摘要：
与全球定位系统（global positioning system，GPS）不同，北斗区域卫星导航系统（Bei Dounavigation satellite system，BDS）采用了5颗地球静止轨道卫星、5颗倾斜地球同步轨道卫星和4颗中圆轨道卫星的混合星座，星座分布不均匀。特殊星座决定了不同纬度地区用户的可见卫星数量和观测几何结构存在明显差异，用户的导航定位性能存在明显的纬度效应。分别从理论模型和实际观测两个方面对不同纬度地区用户的可见卫星数目、观测几何结构和导航定位性能进行较全面分析，使用了多家厂商的接收机，在不同纬度地区进行了GPS、BDS以及两系统融合定位试验。结果表明，BDS定位性能存在明显的纬度效应，即定位精度随纬度升高而降低；GPS导航定位性能没有明显的纬度效应；BDS／GPS数据融合可以减弱纬度效应，提高导航定位服务的精度和可靠性。
英文摘要：
The Beidou Regional Satellite Navigation System （BDS） has an uneven distributed constellation, containing five satellites in geostationary earth orbit, five in inclined geosynchronous orbits and four in medium earth orbits. With this hybrid constellation, the quantity and the geometrical structure of observed BDS satellites are different at different latitudes. The latitude effect in BDS application performance of positioning and navigation; In this paper, theoretical models and actual observations are described to analyze the difference in quantity and geometrical structure of observed BDS satellites and the performance of positioning and navigation at different latitudes. An experiment was conducted at different latitudes with receivers from separate companies. The result shows the latitude effect and impact in BDS applications, which means BDS positioning accuracy decreases with increasedlatitude . In contrast, there is no obvious latitude effect in Global Positioning System （GPS） applications. The implementation of BDS/GPS data fusion weakens latitudinal impacts on the results and improves the accuracy and reliability of navigation and positioning services.
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