中文摘要：

针对高超声速飞行器面临极端高温热环境、飞行器外壳单侧面受热以及温度历程非线性时变的特点，自行设计并建立辐射式极端高温氧化环境下的单侧面试验加热装置，实现了1700℃高温有氧环境下对高超声速飞行器热防护材料的隔热性能试验测试。同时，对轻质陶瓷材料试验件和新型陶瓷、纳米材料复合结构在高达1700℃的高温氧化环境下的隔热性能进行试验测试，并对不同材料及其组合模式进行对比分析，优选高效能的隔热方案，发现陶瓷、纳米材料复合结构试验件比单层轻质陶瓷材料试验件的隔热效果提高了约50％。另外，生成了极端高温非线性时变热环境，并进行相应的隔热性能试验。通过建立极端高温、有氧、单侧面加热、非线性时变热环境试验系统及其实际应用研究，为高超声速飞行器的热防护设计提供重要的试验手段。

英文摘要：

For the particular characteristics that hypersonic vehicles are faced with extreme aerodynamic heating environment during the flight, their body shells are situated in one-sided heating condition and surface temperatures are non-linear time-varying, a self-designed radiation and one-sided heating test apparatus is established to perform the thermal- insulation performance test for thermal protection materials of hypersonic vehicles under extremely high-temperature/ oxidation environments up to 1700~C in this paper. Meanwhile, the experimental research on thermal-insulation performance of a light-weight ceramic material specimen and a new type of composite structure composed of ceramic and nanophase materials under high-temperature/ oxidation environments up to 1700~ is carried out. The comparative analysis of the thermal insulation performance of various materials and their different combination models is performed to find the highly efficient performance scheme. It is found that the thermal-insulation performance of the composite thermal protection structure composed of ceramic and nanophase materials is increased approximately by 50% compared with that of the light- weight ceramic material specimen. Additionally, non-linear time-varying thermal environments with extremely high temperatures are generated and the thermal insulation performance tests are performed in this paper. The present work provides an important test method for the thermal protection design of hypersonic vehicles through the establishment and application of an extreme high-temperature/ oxidation test system for creating one-sided heating, time-varying thermal environments.