中文摘要：

细胞穿透肽是一类具有特殊细胞膜穿透作用的短肽，研究发现其为药物大分子物质的细胞内转运提供了有力工具，现已得到了广泛关注和大量研究．一方面，近年来发现，细胞穿透肽的应用面临着药物释放率、代谢降解、细胞系的分化状态和Rho-GTPases活性的依赖性等问题，从而阻碍了其研究开发的进程．另一方面，细胞穿透肽在肿瘤治疗、抗菌和抗炎靶向药物等方面的研究却取得了显著的进展，甚至进入了临床前和临床研究阶段．本文围绕细胞穿透肽在应用开发中所面临的挑战和机遇两方面，综述了近期的研究进展，并对细胞穿透肽在新领域中的应用进行了展望．

英文摘要：

Cell penetrating peptide （CPP） is a kind of small peptide with the capability of penetrating through cell membrane, which provides efficient tools for achieving intracellular access for macromolecular drugs. At present, it has obtained widespread attention and extensive research. Although it has been found recently that many problems hinder the process of its application research and development, such as drug release rate, metabolic degradation, cell lines and differentiation status and Rho GTPases activity dependence, lots of progress has been made in the research of CPPs in cancer treatment, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory targeted drugs, some of which even has entered the stage of preclinical and clinical research. In this article, we focus on two aspects, the challenges and new opportunities in the studies of CPP application, to summarize the recent research progress, and highlight the prospect of new fields of CPP application in the future.