中文摘要：

本文应用生态梯度风险评价方法,通过定性评价,初步确定了榆林煤炭开采区的主要风险源、风险受体和最大的生态效应,描述了风险源、风险受体、生态效应之间的递进传导关系。通过半定量评价,确定了榆林煤炭开采区最有可能遭受风险源影响的次级区域;发现了次级区域内风险源对最主要风险受体的生态效应发生最典型的特定次级区域。通过定量评价,验证了定性评价阶段确定的生态效应在特定次级区域发生的基本判断。表明,生态梯度风险评价方法对于评价范围较大,具有多种风险源、多个风险受体、多类型生态效应的煤炭开采区生态风险,具有较强的实用性和可操作性。

英文摘要：

In order to unravel the correlation and causality between multi-stressor sources, multi-risk receptors, and multi-type ecological effects of the Yulin Coal Mining Area, five members of the project team conducted social surveys in April, 2008 and October, 2009. Through qualitative evaluation, this study preliminarily described the main stressor sources, risk receptors, and the largest ecological effect over the Yulin coal mining area and progressive and conductive relation among the stressor sources, risk receptors, and ecological effects using the Procedure for Ecological Tiered Assessment of Risk method （PETAR）. It was found that coal production processes of the coal mining industry was the main risk source; land, vegetation, water resources, and the atmosphere are major risk receptors. The ground collapse, trap mine drainage, soil pollution, vegetation wither, water pollution and water capacity loss, and air pollution were possible ecological effects caused by stressor sources. By means of the semi-quantitative evaluation and introducing fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, some evaluation on the largest ecological effects caused by stressor sources to risk receptors was performed. It was found that Shenmu County was the sub-region which may suffer from the risk sources. Evaluation of six specific sub-regions of Shenmu County, which are most likely to be influenced by stressor sources, was performed. Areas where risk sources have caused ecological effects on the main risk receptor have been identified. Comprehensive risk assessment results show that region （01）, region （02）, and region （03） were rating for class I; the typical three regions were the specific subareas where ecological effects caused by risk source on receptors were created. Through the quantitative evaluation, ecological effects occurred in the specific areas were verified. That is, water capacity loss was caused primarily by mining and trap mine drainage; the ground collapse, cracks, and soil pollution were caused by mining an