中文摘要：

水资源的利用需要消耗能源，能源的开采加工也需要消耗水资源，两者具有紧密的关联。本文从能源贸易对水资源的影响入手，阐释两者的紧密关联。随着能源的国际贸易，能源开采和加工过程中消耗的大量水资源也发生了相应的转移，将这部分水资源称为能源国际贸易中的能源隐含水。选取原油、原煤、天然气等几种能源，计算出217个国家和地区近20年能源国际贸易中的能源隐含水净流动量。结果显示，1992—2010年间能源隐含水国际净流动量的平均值为42．11亿m3／a，占全球能源生产年耗水量的50％左右。巨大的能源隐含水国际流动使各国的水资源配比发生了一定程度的改变。能源隐含水的大量净输出加重了一部分国家的水危机；同时能源隐含水的大量净输入也在一定程度上缓解了一部分国家的用水紧张。制定能源生产和贸易政策的决策者，应当同时考虑能源和水资源状况及两者间的紧密关联。

英文摘要：

Water extraction, delivery, and disposal requires energy, as do many other processes including extracting and refining various fuels and producing electricity. This can be referred to as the ＇water-energy nexus＇ and remains in an exploratory research stage. International trade in energy brings about global flows of water. We integrated research from the USA, Middle East, China and other areas across traditional oil, coal and gas. Three types of electricity energy are considered： conventional thermal electricity, nuclear electricity and hydroelectricity. The objectives of this study were to quantify volumes of energy-embodied water flows related to international energy trade between 217 countries from 1992-2010. Gross energy flows are calculated using differences between production and consumption. It was found that the global volume of international energy-embodied water flows between nations was 4211 Mm3/yr over the period 1992-2010, which accounted for 50% of the water used for energy production globally. A total of 95.82% of the total volume of energy-related international embodied water flows is related to the oil trade. Gas and electricity accounted for 3.99% and 0.18% of global energy-related embodied water flows, respectively. Regions with significant large net embodied water imports are Asia, Europe, and North America. Regions with substantial net embodied water export are the Middle East, Eurasia and Africa. Analysis against the human development index shows that very high human development countries benefit a great deal from international energy flows. The water resource allocation ratio changed and resulted in a water crisis in some countries and eased water stress in others. Policymakers should consider the conditions of both energy and water and the relationship between them during international energy trade.