中文摘要：

本文通过对煤炭资源跨期配置的理论分析,认为实现煤炭资源代际公平的跨期配置不能只依靠煤企和市场力量,也不能单纯依赖政府和相关调控制度,而必须将二者有机结合起来建构一个政府引导下以市场配置为基础的跨期配置机制。本文尝试从微观（煤炭企业、煤炭市场）和宏观（政府、相关制度）两个角度,将两大因素置于一个完整的分析框架内,建立起一个能够实现代际公平的煤炭资源跨期配置机制。强调在煤炭资源跨期配置机制中,由省级政府作为其利益代言人,纳入配置体系当中,体现富煤大省（如晋陕蒙等省区）的区域经济利益;同时,将煤炭资源代际配置利用的＂制度＂作为后代人的利益代言人纳入配置机制中,体现煤炭资源配置的代际公平。

英文摘要：

Based on the analysis of the intertemporal allocation theory of coal resources, this paper put forward that the optimal allocation of coal resources has abided by the famous ＂Hotelling theorem＂ from the micro perspective. To ensure the mining of coal enterprises keep going along stable growth or resource protection development path, we must also consider the negative externality of the exploitation and utilization of coal resources, the distribution of coal resources wealth and the using of revenue of coal resources. We must depend on the Government and the related systems to deal with these three issues effectively. From the macro point of view, main approaches to resolve the negative externality of resource economic problems are tax, the internalization of external problems and the explicitness of property rights, etc. The main problems of China＇s coal resources allocation include： 1） The interest distribution relationship has not been straightened out; 2） The related systems of coal resources allocation are inadequate; 3） The market system of coal resources allocation is not perfect; 4） The external problems of exploitation and utilization of coal resources have not been adequately considered. Therefore, to realize the intergenerational equity of coal resources, we need to rely on coal enterprises and market forces as well as governments and relevant systems. This paper has constructed an integrated government-guided and intertemporal allocation mechanism based on market allocation. And the policies required to carry out this mechanism include： 1） Implementing the national energy strategy planning; 2） Deepening the reform of the management system of coal resources; 3） Speeding up the construction of property right trade market of coal resources. There are three innovations in this paper： 1） It trys to set up a coal resources intertemporal allocation mechanism that can realize the intergenerational equity by integrating the factors from both microscopic （coal companies, coal market