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中文摘要：
多巴胺转运体一直被认为是苯丙胺类精神兴奋剂增强多巴胺突触传递的主要分子靶点.本综述结合本实验室及其他实验室的结果,讨论说明这类毒品还可以通过改变多巴胺能神经元的放电模式,来影响动作电位依赖性的多巴胺释放.证据提示,在兴奋剂强化效应中,动作电位依赖性的多巴胺释放比多巴胺转运体所介导的多巴胺浓度的升高更为重要.这很有可能是因为前者在时程上具有特定的变化模式,携带着来自不同脑区、经多巴胺能神经元整合、处理过的突触信息.
英文摘要：
Amphetamine -like psychostimulants are thought to increase dopamine （DA） transmission by binding to DA transporters （DATs） to facilitate DA reverse transport and/or to block DA reuptake. In this article, we will review evidence from both our own studies and others that psychostimulants can also act through both DA - and non - DA - mediated mechanisms to powerfully influence the firing rate and pattern of DA neurons and thus impulse - dependent DA release. Evidence further suggests that DATs are not absolutely required for the reinforcing effects of psychostimulants, and that changes in impulse - dependent DA release may play a more critical role in behaviors associated with psychostimulant abuse. Based on these and other findings, we propose that the reinforcing effects of psychostimulants depend on both the amplitude and the temporal pattern of DA release induced by these drugs. The latter, determined by the firing pattern of DA neurons, may encode information from brain areas that project to DA neurons, including the prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens. Further understanding of how DA neurons interact with these brain areas in space and time and how this interaction is altered by psychostimulants may shed new light on the neuronal mechanisms underlying psychostimulant addiction.
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