中文摘要：

目的探讨贵州省遵义市慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的主要危险因素,为制定COPD的预防策略提供依据。方法采用病例对照研究方法,以2015年12月至2016年4月遵义市3家医院呼吸科收治的174例COPD患者为病例组,同期消化科等其他科室收治的178例非COPD患者为对照组;采用欧洲共同体呼吸系统健康调查问卷调查病例组和对照组有关危险因素的暴露史,采用卡方检验和Logistic回归分析对调查结果进行统计分析。结果单因素分析显示：体质指数、人均居住面积、住房朝向、室内采光、室内通风、室内灰尘、5年内有无装修、室外有无空气污染、主要烹饪燃料、目前烹饪燃料、厨房与居室是否分开、主要取暖方式、日吸烟量、粉尘暴露、呼吸道疾病家族史、14岁前咳嗽情况等因素病例组和对照组之间存在统计学差异（P〈0.05）。多因素回归分析显示：BMI〈18.5或BMI〉24（OR=2.178,95%Cl=1.194~3.527）、室内通风不好（OR=2.275,95%Cl=1.052~4.806）、燃煤（OR=5.267,95%Cl=2.251~8.189）、粉尘暴露（OR=14.669,95%Cl=6.205~29.533）、家族呼吸道病史（OR=5.356,95%Cl=2.560~10.734）和吸烟（OR=1.746,95%Cl=1.008~2.609）是COPD的危险因素,而厨房与居室分开（OR=0.106,95%Cl=0.011~0.986）是COPD的保护因素。结论 BMI〈18.5或BMI〉24、室内通风不好、燃煤、粉尘暴露、家族呼吸道病史、吸烟可能增加患COPD发生的风险,而厨房与居室分开则可能降低COPD的发生,控制危险因素的暴露能够降低COPD的患病风险。

英文摘要：

Objective The study is conducted to investigate a possible association between risk factors and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（ COPD） in Zunyi,and further strengthen COPD prevention and protection among susceptible population. Methods From December 2015 to April 2016,174 COPD cases and 178 non-COPD cases without other respiratory disease were recruited from three hospitals in Zunyi city,Guizhou province. All patients were interviewed with a questionnaire. Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were done to screen risk factors of COPD. Results Univariate analysis showed that the factors such as BMI,living area,family history of respiratory diseases,history of childhood respiratory diseases,etc. were associated with COPD（ P 〈 0. 05）. The results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that BMI 〈 18. 5 or BMI 〉 24（ OR =2. 178,95% Cl = 1. 194 ~ 3. 527）,poor indoor ventilation（ OR = 2. 275,95% Cl = 1. 052 ~ 4. 806）,coal combustion（ OR = 5. 267,95% Cl = 2. 251 ~ 8. 189）,occupational dust exposure（ OR = 14. 669,95% Cl = 6. 205~ 29. 533）,family history of respiratory disease（ OR = 5. 356,95% Cl = 2. 560 ~ 10. 734） and active smoking（ OR = 1. 746,95% Cl = 1. 008 ~ 2. 609） were independently associated with the occurrence of COPD. Separated kitchen and living room（ OR = 0. 106,95% Cl = 0. 011 ~ 0. 986） could reduce the risk of COPD. Conclusion The risk factors of COPD would be associated with abnormal body mass index,poor indoor ventilation,coal combustion,occupational dust exposure,family history of respiratory disease and active smoking,whereas separated kitchen and living room could be a protective factor of COPD.