中文摘要：

MicroRNA（miRNA）是一种内源性的非编码单链RNA,通过与mRNA的3＇端非翻译区（UTR）的不完全互补或完全互补结合抑制靶mRNA的翻译或促使靶mRNA的降解来调控基因的表达,参与细胞的增殖、凋亡、分化和代谢等重要过程。MiRNA表达的变化可以起到癌基因和抑癌基因的作用,是一种潜在的肿瘤标志物,因此,miRNA的检测技术引起了人们的关注。由于电化学检测方法具有灵敏、快速、低成本和低能耗等特点,研究者广泛开展了应用电化学技术来发展miRNA检测的研究。本文将对基于电化学技术的miRNA检测方法进行综述。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are endogenous, non-coding single-stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression via degradation or translational repression of their targeted mRNAs. MiRNAs control cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis at a post-transeiptional level. Recent evidence has shown that impaired miRNAs expression correlates with various human cancers and indicates that miRNAs can function as tumour suppressors and oncogenes, which provides a type of promising biomarkers for cancer diagnositics. Therefore, more and more researchers are interested in developing novel miRNAs detection methods. Because electrochemical methods are rapid, sensitive and electrochemical detectors are inexpensive and portable, there has been intense interest in developing new electrochemical sensors for miRNA detection. Here, studies on electrochemical miRNA biosensors are reviewed which contains the principle of DNA biosensor, several signal amplification technologies for biosensor, design of probe for miRNA biosensor and existing electrochemical methods for miRNA detection.