中文摘要：

量子点作为一种新型的纳米发光材料已被广泛应用于生物学、材料学以及物理光学领域。基于量子点的荧光标记技术可以用于构建生物传感器，从而实现生物大分子或者是生物体内无机分子的快速、准确检测。量子点的表面修饰对于提高其荧光特性和降低生物毒性具有重要作用。现有的表面修饰技术主要分为多基配体表面修饰技术、双亲性分子表面修饰技术、树枝状分子表面修饰技术、巯基偶联表面修饰技术以及空穴-链式表面修饰技术等几大类。上述修饰技术各具优缺点，可用于组建不同类型的生物传感器，实现各种生物分子的离体检测与在体示踪但各具优缺点。本文就量子点生物传感器中的最新表面修饰技术及其医学应用进展作一综述。

英文摘要：

Quantum dots（ QDs） as a new type of nanostructured luminescent materials have been widely used in biology, materials science, and physical optics. QD-based biosensors can rapidly and accurately detect biological macromolecules or inorganic molecules both in vivo and in vitro. The surface of QDs, prior to their biological detection applications, needed to be modified to enhance their fluorescence properties and lower their biological toxicity. Currently, the surface modification technologies mainly include polymer modification, thiol compounds modification, mercapto propionic acid compounds modification and organic groups modification. Various biosensors can be developed by adopting different modification techniques, which have been adopted to locate and track a variety of biological molecules in vivo. Although a large number of literatures have reported the biological applications of QD-based biosensors, rare systematic reviews of surface modification technologies on QDs have been witnessed. In this paper, we reviewed the surface modification technologies of QDs in biosensors and their medical applications.