中文摘要：

电解质溶液全组分的化学模型和理论，由于具有应用范围广泛和模型计算简便等优点，已经成为电解质热力学的重要研究方向．电解质溶液化学模型是通过求解三类平衡方程。即化学和电离方程、电中性方程和质量平衡方程，得出溶液体系的全组分浓度．分别介绍求解这些方程组所需要的平衡常数和活度系数计算方法，最后通过3个应用实例阐明此类模型的真实价值．

英文摘要：

The speciation-based modeling and theory for electrolyte solutions were briefly introduced since they have been widely applied in new technology development and research as an advanced tool. In this kinds of modeling, three types of equilibrium equations i. e. chemical and ionization equations, electro- neutrality equations and material balances were established and solved to obtain the concentration of all species in every phase of the system. The calculation methods for the equilibrium constants and activity coefficients were also described. Finally, three application cases of chemical model were given to elucidate their values.