中文摘要：

扬子鳄（Alligator sinensis）是中国濒危的物种，野生鳄种群已濒临灭绝。通过放归工程，将挑选饲养鳄放养到野外去扩大野生种群。本文的研究目的是通过检测扬子鳄的健康状况为扬子鳄的筛选提供依据。从25条准备进行野放的扬子鳄泄殖腔中筛选出13种形态不同的菌株。应用细菌学和分子生物学方法，鉴定它们分别属于6个属的8个种和一个未分类的菌：从扬子鳄生活的水体中筛选出8种形态不同的菌株，鉴定它们分别属于1个属的4个种。经分析，除了未分类的菌之外，从扬子鳄泄殖腔中分离得到的菌株都是非致病性的且不同于扬子鳄生活水体中分离的菌株，因此可以认为这些扬子鳄是健康的，可以野放。由于从标记为AS12的扬子鳄体内分离到一个分类地位尚未确定的菌，对它的生理生化特征进行了检测，但这种菌的致病性方面特征尚不清楚，建议不考虑野放标记为AS12的扬子鳄个体。

英文摘要：

The Chinese alligator （Alligator sinensis） is a critically endangered species in China. Wild populations of Chinese alligator are on the edge of extinction. Through a release program, some captive-bred alligators will be selected and released into the wild to supplement and renew natural populations. The purpose of this study was to provide data to select healthy individuals for release. Through bacteriological and molecular identification, six different genera, eight species and an unclassified bacterium were identified in 13 bacterial strains, which were isolated from the cloaca of 25 Chinese alligators. One genus and four species were identified in eight bacterial strains, which were isolated from the water where the alligators live. According to the analysis, except for the unclassified bacterium, the other bacteria from the cloaca were not pathogenic and were different from the bacteria isolated from the water. Thus, it was concluded that the 24 Chinese alligators were healthy, and could be selected to be released into the wild. As subject AS 12 was identified carrying an unclassified bacteria, of which the characteristics were unknown, it was suggested that the AS 12 individual not be released.