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不同氮磷水平下盐角草生长及盐分累积特征分析

ISSN号：1004-5759
期刊名称：《草业学报》
时间：0
分类：S544.01[农业科学—作物学] Q945.79[生物学—植物学]
作者机构：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011, [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049, [3]中国科学院绿洲生态与荒漠重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011
相关基金：农业部“公益性行业”（农业）科研专项（200903001）资助

关键词：盐角草, 氮, 磷, 养分含量, 盐分含量, 盐碱地改良, Salicornia europaea, nitrogen, phosphorus, nutrition concentration, salt concentration, improvement of saline soil

中文摘要：

通过增施氮磷肥提高盐生植物生物量与盐分含量以实现盐分的高吸收累积对重盐渍化地区生态恢复意义重大。基于此,本研究在新疆南疆重盐化土壤上采用田间试验方法就不同氮磷施用水平对盐角草生长以及盐分吸收累积的影响进行了探讨。结果表明,施氮能显著提高盐角草的生物量、种子产量、各盐分离子累积量及全盐累积量,其中施225 kg/hm2氮肥时,盐角草每年可从土壤中吸收11 534.39 kg/hm2盐分,是不施氮肥的4.07倍,Na＋、Cl-与SO42-累积量也分别是对照的3.53,4.22和4.74倍;磷肥对盐角草地上生物量、根系生物量和种子产量无显著影响,但明显提高了盐角草茎秆、同化枝全盐累积量和地上部总的全盐累积量;氮磷施用在一定程度上可以提高盐角草同化枝和种子中的氮含量,而对茎秆含氮量和地上各部分磷含量无明显影响,说明氮磷肥配施可改善盐角草的氮营养状况;增施氮肥可显著提高盐角草茎秆与同化枝中的盐分浓度,并明显降低种子中的盐分浓度。磷肥施用也可明显提高茎秆中盐分浓度,但对同化枝与种子盐分浓度无明显影响;氮、磷肥的肥料效果对比可以发现,在试验区盐化土壤上氮肥是制约盐角草生长和盐分累积的限制性因子,加强氮素养分管理在应用盐角草改良盐碱土上有着重要的作用。

英文摘要：

Research is driven by the hope of rapidly restoring saline land effectively through improving halophyte biomass and performance in saline areas.The effects of varying levels of N fertilization（0,75,150,and 225 kg/ha）,and P fertilization（0 and 135 kg/ha） on growth and salt accumulation of Salicornia europaea was studied under field saline conditions in Xinjiang.The aerial biomass,root biomass,seed yield,and salt accumulation increased dramatically with increased N levels.The largest amount of salt absorbed and accumulated by S.europaea was in treatment N225,with 11 534.39 kg/ha recorded,4.07 times more than in the CK.N225 also had the highest Na＋,Cl-and SO42-accumulation.P increased biomass,seed yield,and salt accumulation to some extent,but the differences were not significant.Seed N concentration was significantly increased compared with the CK by raising the N level to 225 kg/ha,but not by increasing P.In addition,there was no significant difference in N concentration in stems and shoots or of P concentration in all three plant organs listed above between the different N and P levels.Salt concentrations in shoots and stems were significantly increased by N,but differences in salt concentrations in stems,assimilation shoots and seeds between P1 and P0 were not significant.The results suggest a good possibility of rapidly restoring saline inland soils by increasing N and P fertilization.