中文摘要：

为了解决鸭稻共作过程中依靠人工饲养鸭子费时费力的问题,加速推广具有良好经济效益和社会效益的水稻生态农业模式,该文设计了一种以单片机为控制核心,在无人值守情况下在稻田中自动化养鸭设备。该设备放置在稻田的输水渠上不占农田,由太阳能电池板产生的能量驱动,能够按照昼夜变化规律运行,早晨05：30后自动开门,傍晚18：00奏音乐唤鸭回笼并能自动补料、给水和关门。由于料斗放置在田间,饲料容易受潮而结拱影响补料量控制的精准度,设计了振动式料斗破拱装置,试验确定了破拱装置的振动偏心距为30 mm、转速为1 200 r/min。田间试验结果表明,在自动门延迟关门1 min和声音响度100 d B时,鸭群回笼率达到97.5%以上;自动化养鸭设备饲养鸭群体质量增长与人工喂养无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。该研究成果对鸭稻共作技术的推广应用具有重要意义。

英文摘要：

The technology of raising duck in paddy filed has good economic and ecological benefits for rice based agriculture. The past studies are usually only based on interaction effect between ducks and paddy. In this paper, we took the development of automatic duck feeding equipment that could adapt environment of paddy as its study object. Equipment for both automatic feeding system and automatic door system are crucial issues needed to be solved by adequate design, calculation and testing. Through the relevant experiment for the speed of ducks returning to cages, we gained optimal speed of the automatic door was 5r/min. The automatic door of the related calculation showed that the adaptive quality of the automatic door was 4.15 kg, moment of inertia was 0.24 kg·m2. The time of accelerating speed of automatic doors from 0 to 5 r/min was 0.0067 s. According to the dynamic theory, we obtained the minimum torque of automatic door was 9.8 N·m. Automatic door powered by 15 W DC gear motor. The DC gear motor can produce 28.6 N·m torque, which can meet the designed door requirement. Due to the hopper placed in the paddy field, feed was from more easily formed arch by affecting with damp, which influenced the control precision of feed quantity. So hopper with break-arch by vibration needed to be designed. For different kinds of feed angle of repose, the hopper＇s cone angle was designed to 60°. Taking advantage of the relationship between the DC motor armature current and DC motor torque, we measured the range of variation of torque during hopper discharging operation. The result showed that the minimum change rate of hopper torque appeared in transitional position between the body and the cone part, and the maximal load torque of the hopper was 47.79 N in the process of running. Based on the result of load torque, 24 V, 160 W 7.5 r/min DC gear motor was selected in the actuality. The optimal parameters of the break-arch that were measured by using of three factors at three levels orthogonal test were vibration eccentric