中文摘要：

碳点具有化学稳定性好、毒性低、易于功能化等突出优势而备受关注,然而其仍存在荧光量子产率低、活性位点少等不足。氮掺杂碳点因N的钝化效应表现出更为优异的光电性能,在很大程度上弥补了碳点的这些缺陷,因而在生化传感、环境检测等诸多领域中得到了广泛应用。经过近五年来的发展,氮掺杂已成为碳点改性的主要方法之一,制备方法逐渐多样化,合成过程更加绿色、简便,但其形成机制仍没有明确的统一解释。为了更好地研究氮掺杂碳点的形成机理及扩展其应用领域,本文简述了氮掺杂碳点的发展历程、制备方法及光学特性,重点介绍了氮掺杂碳点在定量分析中的应用,并展望了其发展和应用前景,以期为氮掺杂碳点在分析化学中的发展提供一定的参考。

英文摘要：

Fluorescent carbon dots（CDs） are inspiring intensive research interests because of their high chemical stability,low toxicity and customizable surface functionalization.However,there are still some limitations such as low quantum yield,less active sites and so on.As research continues,nitrogen-doped carbon dots（N-CDs） have recently become of great interest because it addresses the above problems of CDs to achieve promising applications for them in biochemical sensing,environmental detection and other fields.In the past five years,doping CDs with nitrogen as a principle way to tune the intrinsic properties of CDs has been considered as an effective strategy,and the procedures for preparing N-CDs have become increasingly green and facile.But the formation mechanism of N-CDs is still not clarified.To easily understand the mechanism and expand its application fields,we reviewed the discovery history,preparation methods and optical properties of N-CDs,especially in latest developments of analytical and bioanalytical applications in quantitative analysis.We also give perspectives on future opportunities and promising applications,which would provide the reference for the development of N-CDs in analytical chemistry.