中文摘要：

在海运减排领域适用共同但有区别责任原则最重要的问题就是众多船舶都在方便旗下运作,在这种情况下,发达国家的船舶所有人很容易伪装他们的身份。对此提出以下解决方案：其一,从根本上解决方便旗船问题,使得每一船舶在切实有＂真正联系＂的国家登记注册;其二,弃用船舶国籍标准,改用＂实际联系人＂国籍标准;其三,绕过方便旗船问题而适用共同但有区别责任原则。＂趋同征收、区别待遇＂的方法是最可行的方法,即在征收阶段除必要的区别保留外,尽可能采取一致的征收标准,但在所产生的收益分配方面,则采取有较大区别的方法。

英文摘要：

The biggest challenge for the application of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in the shipping area is＂flag of convenience＂. Under this circumstance,shipowners in the developed countries are very easy to disguise their real identity. The paper proposes the following solutions. First,ships should register with the country with real genuine link. Second,changing the international identification standards for ship. Replacing the flag State classification by the＂real contact＂standard. Third,bypassing the issue of flag of convenience and adopting the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. This paper concludes that ＂convergence expropriation,differential treatment＂is the best way to solve the problem which can keep the same standards at the expropriation stage but differentiate at the benefit distribution stage.